Open AccessEvaluation of the health risks related to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides in foods other than raw apricot kernels
Author(s) -
Schrenk Dieter,
Bignami Margherita,
Bodin Laurent,
Chipman James Kevin,
del Mazo Jesús,
GraslKraupp Bettina,
Hogstrand Christer,
Hoogenboom Laurentius Ron,
Leblanc JeanCharles,
Nebbia Carlo Stefano,
Nielsen Elsa,
Ntzani Evangelia,
Petersen Annette,
Sand Salomon,
Vleminckx Christiane,
Wallace Heather,
Benford Diane,
Brimer Leon,
Mancini Francesca Romana,
Metzler Manfred,
Viviani Barbara,
Altieri Andrea,
Arcella Davide,
Steinkellner Hans,
Schwerdtle Tanja
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
efsa journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.076
H-Index - 97
ISSN - 1831-4732
DOI - 10.2903/j.efsa.2019.5662
Subject(s) - library science , art history , art , computer science
In 2016, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain ( CONTAM ) published a scientific opinion on the acute health risks related to the presence of cyanogenic glycosides ( CNG s) in raw apricot kernels in which an acute reference dose ( AR fD) of 20 μg/kg body weight (bw) was established for cyanide ( CN ). In the present opinion, the CONTAM Panel concluded that this AR fD is applicable for acute effects of CN regardless the dietary source. To account for differences in cyanide bioavailability after ingestion of certain food items, specific factors were used. Estimated mean acute dietary exposures to cyanide from foods containing CNG s did not exceed the AR fD in any age group. At the 95th percentile, the AR fD was exceeded up to about 2.5‐fold in some surveys for children and adolescent age groups. The main contributors to exposures were biscuits, juice or nectar and pastries and cakes that could potentially contain CNG s. Taking into account the conservatism in the exposure assessment and in derivation of the AR fD, it is unlikely that this estimated exceedance would result in adverse effects. The limited data from animal and human studies do not allow the derivation of a chronic health‐based guidance value ( HBGV ) for cyanide, and thus, chronic risks could not be assessed.