Open AccessAppropriateness to set a group health‐based guidance value for fumonisins and their modified forms
Author(s) -
Knutsen HelleKatrine,
Barregård Lars,
Bignami Margherita,
Brüschweiler Beat,
Ceccatelli Sandra,
Cottrill Bruce,
Dinovi Michael,
Edler Lutz,
GraslKraupp Bettina,
Hogstrand Christer,
Hoogenboom Laurentius (Ron),
Nebbia Carlo Stefano,
Petersen Annette,
Rose Martin,
Roudot AlainClaude,
Schwerdtle Tanja,
Vleminckx Christiane,
Vollmer Günter,
Wallace Heather,
Dall'Asta Chiara,
Gutleb Arno C,
Humpf HansUlrich,
Galli Corrado,
Metzler Manfred,
Oswald Isabelle P,
ParentMassin Dominique,
Binaglia Marco,
Steinkellner Hans,
Alexander Jan
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
efsa journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.076
H-Index - 97
ISSN - 1831-4732
DOI - 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5172
Subject(s) - fumonisin b1 , chemistry , tolerable daily intake , fatty acid , food science , in vivo , toxicokinetics , toxicity , biochemistry , mycotoxin , toxicology , biology , body weight , microbiology and biotechnology , organic chemistry , endocrinology
The EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain ( CONTAM ) established a tolerable daily intake ( TDI ) for fumonisin B 1 ( FB 1 ) of 1.0 μg/kg body weight (bw) per day based on increased incidence of megalocytic hepatocytes found in a chronic study with mice. The CONTAM Panel considered the limited data available on toxicity and mode of action and structural similarities of FB 2–6 and found it appropriate to include FB 2 , FB 3 and FB 4 in a group TDI with FB 1 . Modified forms of FB s are phase I and phase II metabolites formed in fungi, infested plants or farm animals. Modified forms also arise from food or feed processing, and include covalent adducts with matrix constituents. Non‐covalently bound forms are not considered as modified forms. Modified forms of FB s identified are hydrolysed FB 1–4 ( HFB 1–4 ), partially hydrolysed FB 1–2 ( pHFB 1–2 ), N ‐(carboxymethyl)‐ FB 1–3 ( NCM ‐ FB 1–3 ), N ‐(1‐deoxy‐ d ‐fructos‐1‐yl)‐ FB 1 ( NDF ‐ FB 1 ), O ‐fatty acyl FB 1 , N ‐fatty acyl FB 1 and N ‐palmitoyl‐ HFB 1 . HFB 1 , pHFB 1 , NCM ‐ FB 1 and NDF ‐ FB 1 show a similar toxicological profile but are less potent than FB 1 . Although in vitro data shows that N ‐fatty acyl FB s are more toxic in vitro than FB 1 , no in vivo data were available for N ‐fatty acyl FB s and O ‐fatty acyl FB s. The CONTAM Panel concluded that it was not appropriate to include modified FB s in the group TDI for FB 1–4 . The uncertainty associated with the present assessment is high, but could be reduced provided more data are made available on occurrence, toxicokinetics and toxicity of FB 2–6 and modified forms of FB 1–4 .