Open AccessDietary reference values for vitamin K
Author(s) -
Turck Dominique,
Bresson JeanLouis,
Burlingame Barbara,
Dean Tara,
FairweatherTait Susan,
Hein Marina,
HirschErnst Karen Ildico,
Mangelsdorf Inge,
McArdle Harry J,
Naska Androniki,
Nowicka Grażyna,
Pentieva Kristina,
Sanz Yolanda,
Siani Alfonso,
Sjödin Anders,
Stern Martin,
Tomé Daniel,
Van Loveren Henk,
Vinceti Marco,
Willatts Peter,
LambergAllardt Christel,
Przyrembel Hildegard,
Tetens Inge,
Dumas Céline,
Fabiani Lucia,
Ioannidou Sofia,
NeuhäuserBerthold Monika
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
efsa journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.076
H-Index - 97
ISSN - 1831-4732
DOI - 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4780
Subject(s) - dietary reference intake , vitamin , medicine , vitamin k , population , physiology , environmental health , endocrinology , biology , nutrient , ecology
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies ( NDA ) derives dietary reference values ( DRV s) for vitamin K. In this Opinion, the Panel considers vitamin K to comprise both phylloquinone and menaquinones. The Panel considers that none of the biomarkers of vitamin K intake or status is suitable by itself to derive DRV s for vitamin K. Several health outcomes possibly associated with vitamin K intake were also considered but data could not be used to establish DRV s. The Panel considers that average requirements and population reference intakes for vitamin K cannot be derived for adults, infants and children, and therefore sets adequate intakes ( AI s). The Panel considers that available evidence on occurrence, absorption, function and content in the body or organs of menaquinones is insufficient, and, therefore, sets AI s for phylloquinone only. Having assessed additional evidence available since 1993 in particular related to biomarkers, intake data and the factorial approach, which all are associated with considerable uncertainties, the Panel maintains the reference value proposed by the Scientific Committee for Food ( SCF ) in 1993. An AI of 1 μg phylloquinone/kg body weight per day is set for all age and sex population groups. Considering the respective reference body weights, AI s for phylloquinone are set at 70 μg/day for all adults including pregnant and lactating women, at 10 μg/day for infants aged 7–11 months, and between 12 μg/day for children aged 1–3 years and 65 μg/day for children aged 15–17 years.