Open AccessDietary reference values for potassium
Author(s) -
Turck Dominique,
Bresson JeanLouis,
Burlingame Barbara,
Dean Tara,
FairweatherTait Susan,
Hein Marina,
HirschErnst Karen Ildico,
Mangelsdorf Inge,
McArdle Harry,
NeuhäuserBerthold Monika,
Nowicka Grażyna,
Pentieva Kristina,
Sanz Yolanda,
Siani Alfonso,
Sjödin Anders,
Stern Martin,
Tomé Daniel,
Van Loveren Henk,
Vinceti Marco,
Willatts Peter,
Aggett Peter,
Martin Ambroise,
Przyrembel Hildegard,
Brönstrup Anja,
Ciok Janusz,
Gómez Ruiz José Ángel,
SesmaisonsLecarré Agnès,
Naska Androniki
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
efsa journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.076
H-Index - 97
ISSN - 1831-4732
DOI - 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4592
Subject(s) - medicine , potassium , observational study , population , cohort , cohort study , physiology , zoology , endocrinology , chemistry , environmental health , biology , organic chemistry
Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies ( NDA ) derives dietary reference values ( DRV s) for potassium. The Panel decides to set DRV s on the basis of the relationships between potassium intake and blood pressure and stroke. The Panel considers that randomised controlled trials and an observational cohort study carried out in a European adult population provide evidence that a potassium intake of 3,500 mg (90 mmol)/day has beneficial effects on blood pressure in adults. Furthermore, there is consistent evidence from observational cohort studies that potassium intakes below 3,500 mg/day are associated with a higher risk of stroke. Available data cannot be used to determine the average requirement of potassium but can be used as a basis for deriving an adequate intake ( AI ). A potassium intake of 3,500 mg/day is considered adequate for the adult population and an AI of 3,500 mg/day for adult men and women is proposed. For infants and children, the AI s are extrapolated from the AI for adults by isometric scaling and including a growth factor. An AI of 750 mg (19 mmol)/day is set for infants aged 7–11 months. For children, AI s from 800 mg (20 mmol)/day (1–3 years old) to 3,500 mg/day (15–17 years old) are set. Considering that the daily accretion rate of potassium in fetal and maternal tissues can be met by the adaptive changes which maintain potassium homeostasis during pregnancy, the AI set for adults applies to pregnant women. For lactating women, the amount of potassium needed to compensate for the losses of potassium through breast milk is estimated and an AI of 4,000 mg (102 mmol)/day is proposed.