Open AccessREFLECTION OF THE RELIEF ON THE HISTORICAL MAPS OF THE NORTHERN BLACK SEA REGION
Author(s) -
S. Bulanov
Publication year - 2021
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Conference proceedings
DOI - 10.29003/m2609.s-n_history_2021_44/233-239
Subject(s) - black sea , reflection (computer programming) , stage (stratigraphy) , politics , scale (ratio) , middle ages , geography , taste , history , computer science , cartography , geology , archaeology , paleontology , oceanography , political science , law , programming language , chemistry , food science
There are 4 stages in the development of the cartography of the Northern Black Sea region, with an emphasis on the mapping of the relief. The first corresponds to antiquity, when the relief as such was not depicted on the maps, and it could be judged by indirect signs. The second corresponds to a time usually attributed to the Middle Ages. At this stage, the relief on the maps of the Northern Black Sea region is often indicated by special icons, less often by lines, which, however, were more likely works of art than sources of information about objects on the ground, moreover, about the accuracy of their location. The presence and nature of these icons, as a rule, were dictated by the taste, imagination, and limited awareness of the authors of the maps. The third stage – New time – an era of rapid development of science and industry, as well as new socio-political tasks that confronted cartographers. This is the era of the transition of maps of the Northern Black Sea region to an accurate mathematical basis, a large scale, specialization in purpose and branches of knowledge. Relief display moves to a new qualitative level, and it often becomes the main content of maps, especially topographic ones. The fourth stage is primarily the 20th and 21st centuries. The method of isolines (horizontals) becomes the leading one, which in recent decades has been actively supplemented by aerospace information and computer processing.