Open AccessThe efficiency of spring soft wheat cultivation in forest-steppe of the Volga region
Author(s) -
В Г Власов,
Л.Г. Захарова,
С. А. Никифорова
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
agrarnyj naučnyj žurnal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2587-9944
pISSN - 2313-8432
DOI - 10.28983/asj.y2021i9pp13-18
Subject(s) - plough , sowing , tillage , agronomy , seeding , fertilizer , mathematics , environmental science , biology
Studies were conducted in the Ulyanovsk region to determine the optimal elements of the spring soft wheat cultivation technology (predecessor, method of basic tillage, fertilization, seeding rate), which provided the greatest economic efficiency in the forest-steppe of the Volga region. It was found that shallow tillage provided an increase in productive moisture reserves during the entire vegetation, both for the cereals and for the leguminous predecessor. On plowing, in the 0-30 cm of soil layer the content of nitrate nitrogen increased after sowing of the studied crop and the dry weight of weeds decreased. For peas, the yield of Ulyanovskaya 105 was 0.6 t/ha higher than that for winter wheat. The highest yield (4.74-5.85 t/ha) for the stubble predecessor and (5.79-5.99 t/ha) for leguminous predecessor was formed one the mineral fertilizers background. Plowing in relation to shallow tillage provided an increase of 0.75 t/ha for winter wheat and only 0.13 t/ha for peas. The smallest coefficients of water consumption (457-481) for the stubble predecessor and (462-472) for the leguminous predecessor were formed for plowing on the third fertilization background. For winter wheat, the maximum profit (15.1 thousand rubles/ha) was obtained when sowing with a seeding rate of 5.5 million/ha for plowing on a 2 mineral fertilizer background, and for peas — when sowing with a seeding rate of 5.0 million/ha for fine tillage on 1 background and with a seeding rate of 4.5 million/ha for plowing on the 2nd mineral fertilizer background — 16.2 thousand rubles/ha in both variants.