LAW OF HOMOLOGICAL SERIES IN HEREDITARY VARIABILITY. TO 100 ANNIVERSARY OF THE N.I. VAVILOV DISCOVERY

The article is dedicated to the centenary of the main scientific discovery of the academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Agricultural Academy and the USSR Academy of Sciences N.I. Vavilov - to the law of homological series in hereditary variability. The discovery of the law was one of the most significant events in biology of the first half of the twentieth century and had a significant impact on the selection process. From a biographical point of view, the discovery of the law was for N.I. Vavilov - a young professor, head of the department of private agriculture and genetics of the agronomic faculty of the University of Saratov, a fateful event that brought world fame. In the history of Russian science, much attention is paid to the phenomenon of N.I. Vavilov. At the same time, there is a tendency to analyze his scientific work in the context of three main areas: the doctrine of plant immunity to infectious diseases, the law of homologous series in hereditary variability, and the doctrine of the centers of origin and variety of cultivated plants. In our work, special attention is paid to the integrity of the scientific work of the scientist, which can be traced in all his main works and was put into practice in the world collection of plant genetic resources, the collection of which was carried out under the guidance and with the direct participation of N.I. Vavilov. The history of the perception of the law at different periods in the development of biology and the role of this discovery in the posthumous memory of its author, N.I. Vavilov, who became a symbol of a real scientist and patriot.