Improving the technology of spring wheat cultivation in the Volga region

  The results of research on the study of two traditional and six technologies (options) with direct seeding of spring durum wheat bezenchukskaya Zolotistaya (soy precursor), on ordinary chernozem in 2017-2019 are presented. In the six-field crop rotation, it was found that when growing new varieties resistant to the main pathogens, against the background of direct seeding and improving the nitrogen supply of plants, the use of modern fungicides is justified only in years favorable for moisture, when the yield increase reaches 0.19 t/ha (5.9 %). On a natural background of fertility, additional costs for processing crops with fungicides are not recouped by increasing the yield. With traditional technology, treatment of crops with Soligor fungicide provides an average of three years increase in grain yield by 0.15 t / ha (7.9 %), net income of 308.1 rubles/ha (4.6%). The highest net income and profitability were revealed against the background of direct seeding and the use of ammonium nitrate – 8327.8-8532.0 rubles / ha and 70.7-80.7 %. Based on the research, when cultivating new varieties of spring durum wheat, it is recommended to introduce ammonium nitrate (N30) during the sowing period. When protecting plants-seed treatment, treatment of crops with herbicides and insecticides. The use of fungicides is rational to carry out in years favorable for moisture. Against the background of the use of biofungicide Phytosporin, the use of fungicides is not advisable.