Open AccessIMPACT OF SNORKELING AND DIVING TO CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM
Author(s) -
. Muhidin,
Fredinan Yulianda,
Neviaty Putri Zamani
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
e-journal ilmu dan teknologi kelautan tropis
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2085-6695
DOI - 10.28930/jitkt.v9i1.17944
Subject(s) - coral reef , coral , fishery , coral reef organizations , geography , environmental science , coral reef protection , ecology , biology
Panggang Island is one of the snorkeling and diving area in the Seribu Islands. Number of tourists increase every year in line with the improving of tourism infrastructure such as tourist boat and dive shops. Tourism activities not only provide economic benefits but also give negative impact on coral reef ecosystem. The results of direct observations showed that there was destructive impact from snorkeling and diving. The most destructive behavior done by snorkeling and diver who has license was stepping on the coral reef . While the most destructive behavior by diver who has no license was holding the coral reef. The continued effect of tourist destructive behaviour grouped into three categories such as rubble, scratches on top of coral colony , and crushed coral colony . Based on the tourism impact analysis showed that diver who has not been licensed gived the greatest damage impact , it was 13.55% per year of the ecological potential. While the impact of snorkeling tourist was 5.05% and diver who has license gived the smallest effect, it was 2.36% . Comparison of coral reef data between 2010 and 2016 showed no significant changes to the coral reef, it means that until now coral reefs of Panggang Island still tolerate any disturbances including impact of tourism activities.Keywords :coral reef, diving, snorkeling, tourism, Panggang IslandPanggang Island is one of the snorkeling and diving area in the Seribu Islands. Number of tourists increase every year in line with the improving of tourism infrastructure such as tourist boat and dive shops. Tourism activities not only provide economic benefits but also give negative impact on coral reef ecosystem. The results of direct observations showed that there was destructive impact from snorkeling and diving. The most destructive behavior done by snorkelinganddiver who has license was stepping on the coral reef .While the most destructive behaviorbydiver who has no license was holding the coral reef.The continued effect of tourist destructive behaviour grouped into three categories such asrubble, scratcheson top of coral colony , and crushed coralcolony .Based on thetourismimpact analysis showed thatdiverwhohas not been licensedgivedthe greatest damage impact ,it was13.55% per year of the ecological potential. While the impact of snorkelingtouristwas5.05% anddiver who has license gived the smallest effect, it was2.36% . Comparison of coral reef data between 2010 and 2016 showed no significant changes to the coral reef, it means that until now coral reefs of Panggang Island still tolerate any disturbances including impact of tourism activities. Keywords :coral reef, diving, snorkeling, tourism, Panggang Island