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Influence of repeated arthrocentesis and exercise on synovial fluid concentrations of nitric oxide, prostaglandin E 2 and glycosaminoglycans in healthy equine joints
Author(s) -
BOOM R.,
LEST C. H. A.,
BULL S.,
BRAMA P. A. J.,
WEEREN P R.,
BARNEVELD A.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
equine veterinary journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.82
H-Index - 87
eISSN - 2042-3306
pISSN - 0425-1644
DOI - 10.2746/0425164054530740
Subject(s) - arthrocentesis , prostaglandin e2 , medicine , synovial fluid , horse , osteoarthritis , nitric oxide , glycosaminoglycan , anesthesia , pathology , anatomy , biology , paleontology , alternative medicine
Summary Reasons for performing study : The importance of osteoarthritis (OA) in the horse and the difficulty in its early diagnosis have led to a search for potential biomarkers of joint disease. If the levels of such markers are to be interpreted accurately, clinicians and researchers need to know whether they are influenced by environmental factors and/or interventions such as exercise and repeated arthrocentesis. Objective : To investigate the influence of repeated arthrocentesis and exercise on nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) concentrations in synovial fluid (SF) from normal equine joints. Methods : SF was collected from the left metacarpophalangeal (MCP), radiocarpal and tarsocrural joints of 16 horses. Half of the horses were exercised and arthrocentesis was repeated 14, 14.5, 17 and 24 days after the start of the exercise programme, in both exercised and control horses. Nitric oxide was determined in SF from the MCP joint only and PGE 2 and GAG concentrations were determined in SF from all joints. Results : Repeated arthrocentesis caused an increase in NO concentration in the MCP joint on Day 14.5, in PGE 2 concentrations in the radiocarpal and tarsocrural joints on Day 14.5 and the release of GAGs into SF of the MCP and radiocarpal joints on Day 17. Exercise resulted in an increase in PGE 2 levels in all joints but did not influence the other parameters measured. Potential relevance : Repeated arthrocentesis is a potential confounding factor for the use of synovial NO, PGE 2 and GAG concentrations as markers of joint disease. Based on this study, such a confounding effect can be avoided if one week or more separates arthrocentesis procedures. Moderate exercise causes a transient rise in PGE 2 in SF.