Open AccessVariations in Line Quality of Handwritten Strokes Due to the Photocopying Process- A Preliminary Study
Author(s) -
Mohammad A. Alqahtani,
Mohammad Asiri,
Saleh Alzahrani,
Ziyad Alshagawi,
Raiyan Alshubaiki
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
arab journal of forensic sciences and forensic medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 1658-6794
pISSN - 1658-6786
DOI - 10.26735/bmaa5795
Subject(s) - handwriting , clarity , line (geometry) , inkwell , line drawings , computer science , quality (philosophy) , distortion (music) , artificial intelligence , speech recognition , engineering drawing , biology , mathematics , engineering , telecommunications , amplifier , biochemistry , philosophy , epistemology , bandwidth (computing) , geometry
The term ‘virtopsy' was introduced recently; it implies the appli¬cation of radiological modalities commonly used in clinical practice during the process of postmortem investigations as an alternative or supplemental method to the traditional autopsy. Virtopsy introduces a new era in conventional autopsy examination. It utilizes new techno¬logical innovations comprising modern high-resolution devices to ob¬tain 3-D postmortem images. Virtopsy can be an effective tool in iden¬tifying the cause, mode, and the state of health of the person before and after his death. However, on its own it is less sensitive than tra¬ditional autopsy and, therefore, cannot yet fully replace it. This study will discuss the gaps in the current literature in the Middle East about Virtopsy as well as it's application during the covid-19 Pandemic.Published literature in different journals with strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were extensively reviewed through use of PubMed search engines to elucidate the applications and implica¬tions of virtual autopsy.Virtopsy studies in the Middle East has been confined to only four nations. More than half of these studies have been performed in Israel, whereas 27% were done in Turkey, followed by Iran and UAE with 9% and 5%, respectively. In terms of radiological modal¬ities implemented in the operation of virtopsy in the Middle East, computerized tomography (CT) used the most at 52% among other imaging modalities.The Virtopsy utilization in the postmortem investigations during the current Covid-19 pandemic was studied in four articles, with a total of 32 deceased were included in these studies. Out of 32 de¬ceased included in the studies, Virtopsy alone was used to examine 19 deceased, while traditional autopsy with supplementing Virtopsy was supplementing a traditional autopsy in evaluating 13 deceased. The mean age of the deceased was 68 (33-94) years. The gender distribution was 69% males and 31% females. It is hoped that present paper will elucidate further the academic and practical significance of Virtopsy in the Middle East