Open AccessAnalysis of phenolic profile, total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in Anacardium occidentale leaves
Author(s) -
Assia Sassi,
H. Normah,
Muhammad Muzaffar Ali Khan Khattak,
Hanapi M.J.
Publication year - 2022
Publication title -
food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.218
H-Index - 7
ISSN - 2550-2166
DOI - 10.26656/fr.2017.6(1).105
Subject(s) - chemistry , gallic acid , anacardium , polyphenol , caffeic acid , quercetin , dpph , ferulic acid , ascorbic acid , food science , high performance liquid chromatography , antioxidant , chromatography , kaempferol , organic chemistry , horticulture , biology
Anacardium occidentale young leaves are consumed traditionally as part of a SoutheastAsian diet. The regular consumption is believed to have beneficial effects on health ingeneral and potentially against type 2 Diabetes mellitus due to its high content ofpolyphenols. This study was aimed to investigate the polyphenol content of the plant usingtwo methanol extracts; Free Phenolic Extract (FPE) and Bound Phenolic Extract (BPE) aswell as highlight the presence of six phenolic acids and flavonoids namely; gallic acid,sinapinic acid, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, quercetin and kaempferol using Highperformance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (HPLC-UV-Vis). The results forpolyphenols and flavonoids content showed high amounts of total polyphenols in BPEwith 8.5±0.57 mg GAE/g as well as high amounts of total flavonoids in both extracts FPEand BPE with 0.58±0.06 and 0.86±0.05 mg QE/g respectively (p<0.05). The presence ofthese polyphenols was further confirmed by measuring the antioxidant activity through thescavenging of the free radical DPPH which showed an IC50 value for FPE (5.17±0.64 µg/mL, BPE (4.96±0.12 µg/mL) compared to the positive control ascorbic acid (4.91±0.43µg/mL). The high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array confirmed thepresence of all four targeted phenolic acids with the highest amount showing in gallic acidand sinapinic acid in BPE with 148.12±6.44 µg gallic acid/g dry weight and 47.02±1.94µg sinapinic acid/g dry weight respectively. As for flavonoids, quercetin was present inboth extracts with 20.38±1.22 µg/g dry weight in BPE and 5.21±0.1 µg/g dry weight inFPE while Kaempferol was not detectable in either extract. These findings confirmed theimportance of A. occidentale as a rich source of polyphenols which can be furtherinvestigated to determine its effects in-vitro and in-vivo on non-communicable diseasessuch as type 2 diabetes.