Open AccessEthnic variation in osteoporosis risk factors: dietary calcium, vitamin D intake and body mass index (BMI)
Author(s) -
Siew-Yoon Yap,
Yasmeen S. Abdel Aziz,
A Asma,
Hartini Yusof
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.218
H-Index - 7
ISSN - 2550-2166
DOI - 10.26656/fr.2017.3(6).168
Subject(s) - medicine , body mass index , anthropometry , osteoporosis , context (archaeology) , vitamin d and neurology , malay , calcium , environmental health , demography , physiology , gerontology , biology , paleontology , linguistics , philosophy , sociology
Osteoporosis is the most common bone disease in humans, representing a major publichealth problem. Few studies have investigated osteoporosis risk factors such as calciumand vitamin D intake, quality of life and body mass index (BMI) among multi-ethnicadults in the Malaysian context. This study aimed to determine the ethnic variation inosteoporosis risk factors among students in Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT). Across-sectional study via a self-administrated questionnaire was carried out among 198respondents aged 19 to 25 years from UMT. The data in the present study included a three-day food record and anthropometric measurements. Nutritionist ProTM analysis softwareversion 5.3 was used to calculate dietary calcium and vitamin D intake from the diethistories, based on the Nutrient Composition of Malaysian Food Database guidance for thedietary calcium intake and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) forvitamin D intake. The data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and ChiSquare tests. The findings indicate the median calcium intake was 348.3 mg/day while forvitamin D intake was only 1.37 µg/day. Indian participants had a significantly lowerintake level of calcium (243.5 mg/day), followed by Chinese (362.3 mg/day) and Malays(440.4 mg/day). The median vitamin D intakes of Malay, Chinese, and Indian adults were2.15 μg/day, 1.37 μg/day and 1.14 μg/day, respectively. Furthermore, the BMI amongrespondents at 20.88 (6.4) kg/m2categorized as normal weight. It was found that there wasno significant difference (p> 0.05) in BMI across ethnicity. Lastly, there was a significantassociation (p< 0.05) between ethnicity and calcium intake (p = 0.001).