Medical and psychological aspects of teaching academically capable and gifted children

The article analyzes the current issue of modern times, which affects the "human capital", namely gifted children. Because it is gifted children who are the potential that will always produce the tasks set before them by an advanced society. Therefore, the question of increasing the requirements for the ability of man to think outside the box, to find new problems and unusual ways to solve them is relevant. To solve this problem, many countries around the world are integrating into the search of educational mechanisms for teaching academically able children that meet the concept of meritocratic education, which involves creating the initial conditions for talented and self-motivated people, in which in the future they will be able to hold leadership positions in terms of free competition. The authors have carefully reviewed the resources on this topical issue, finding out what is giftedness, creative giftedness, cultural giftedness, the relationship between giftedness and ability. They also address the health of gifted children. It was found that this group of students is characterized by disharmonious physical development, more prone to acute infectious diseases, autonomic disorders, hypotension and syncope, somatic and allergic diseases. During the period of secondary school education, the health of gifted children deteriorates, due to both socio-economic and socio-hygienic factors. The most negative impact on the child is exerted by stress tactics, the inconsistency of teaching methods and technologies, intensification of the educational process, irrational organization of educational activities, lack of a system of work on the health-forming behavior of schoolchildren.The authors conclude that academically capable and gifted children are a separate category of students who need special medical, psychological, and pedagogical support during secondary education. Learning in specially created educational programs in the appropriate sanitary-hygienic and psychological-pedagogical conditions contributes not only to the high success of students but also to the preservation of health and prevention of school maladaptation.