Open AccessChlorophyll Fluorescence in Assessing the Effect of Heavy Metal Compounds on Aquatic Organisms
Author(s) -
Galina Sorokina,
AUTHOR_ID,
T. L. Shashkova,
М. А. Субботин,
E. S. Stravinskene,
Yu. S. Grigoriev,
AUTHOR_ID,
AUTHOR_ID,
AUTHOR_ID,
AUTHOR_ID
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
izvestiâ irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. seriâ biologiâ, èkologiâ
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2073-3372
DOI - 10.26516/2073-3372.2021.36.24
Subject(s) - lemna minor , aquatic plant , chlorophyll fluorescence , lemna , cadmium , chlorella vulgaris , environmental chemistry , daphnia magna , elodea canadensis , eichhornia crassipes , chlorophyll , botany , fluorometer , bioassay , photosynthesis , chlorophyceae , biology , macrophyte , chemistry , fluorescence , chlorophyta , algae , ecology , toxicity , organic chemistry , physics , quantum mechanics
Fluorescent methods allow to improve the bioassays because of time effectiveness. These methods give information on chlorophyll concentration and plant photosynthetic apparatus activity in a short period of time. The aim of this study was to estimate the sensitivity of aquatic organisms to heavy metals using chlorophyll fluorescent methods. The test-organisms of different taxonomic categories were used, including thermophilic strain Chlorella vulgaris Beijer, aquatic plants Elodea сanadensis Michx. and Lemna minor L., crustacean Daphnia magna Straus. Fluorimeter “Foton 10” developed in SibFU was employed to measure prompt and delayed fluorescence (PF and DF respectively). The experiments revealed that copper ions affected DF of chlorella in 30 minutes, resulting in a 50% decrease of relative indicator of DF (RIDF) in the range of concentrations 0.005-0.01 mg/l of Cu2+. Measuring the DF of duckweed was less time-consuming compared to registration the changing of morphological parameters when the plants were exposed to heavy metals. Copper, cadmium, and nickel exposures were found to decrease the RIDF of duckweed by more than 50% at the concentrations of 0.17, 0.31, and 1.89 mg/l respectively. However, zinc had no significant effect on the RIDF of Lemna minor in the range of 0.1-8 mg/l of Zn2+ within 24 h of exposure time. The analysis of fluorescent parameters of Canadian elodea showed the possibility of using the plant as a sorbent during the bioremediation of aquatic environments from heavy metals. Registration of chlorophyll fluorescence allowed revealing the toxic effects of negligible concentrations of heavy metals in experiments with the feeding rate of daphnids. The median effective concentrations (EC50) were 0.002, 0.02, 0.4, and 0.25 mg/l of Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, and potassium dichromate respectively. This makes it possible to obtain information on the effects of pollution in the early stages of exposure and in a shorter time. Thus, the use of chlorophyll fluorescence in biomonitoring the state of the aquatic environment makes it possible to more quickly respond to changes in the ecological situation in water bodies.