Hypolipidemic therapy: evidence-based effectiveness and new perspectives

Background. Hyperlipidemia is one of the most important risk factors for the onset and progression of cardiovascular diseases. Currently, several classes of drugs are used in lipid-lowering therapy, which have proven their effectiveness over the past decades. However, in a number of patients there is an intolerance to these drugs or it is not possible to achieve the target levels of the lipid spectrum against the background of the use of maximum doses and combination therapy. This dictates the need to create new lipid-lowering drugs. Aim. To present data on the proven efficacy of widely used drugs in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and the prospects for therapy of this pathology. Materials and methods. We analysed literature sources, included European and Russian guidelines in the last 10 years. Results. The article presents the results of multicenter international randomized clinical trials that studied the efficacy and safety of the main classes of lipid-lo-wering drugs, both in the form of mono- and combination therapy. The indications for the administration of fibrates, ezetimibe omega-3-fats and PCSK9 inhibitors, depending on clinical situations, are discussed. Information on the mechanisms of action of new lipid-lowering drugs – bempedoic acid and inclisiran is presented. The results of clinical trials studying the efficacy and safety of these drugs are presented. Conclusion. Achieving the target levels of lipid metabolism in patients with cardiovascular diseases is an important link in the program to reduce the risk of de-velopment and progression of cardiovascular diseases. At the moment, statins remain the main drugs for the treatment of hyperlipidemia. But in some patients, in order to achieve the goal, the appointment of a combination therapy is required, in which both the long-used fibrates, ezetimibe, omega-3-fats, and the most recent drugs: PCSK9 inhibitors, bempedoic acid and inclisiran can be used.