Open AccessON THE SURFACE MANIFESTATIONS OF KARST IN MOSCOW
Author(s) -
А. В. Аникеев,
Irina Kozliakova,
И. А. Кожевникова
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
inženernaâ geologiâ
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2587-8247
pISSN - 1993-5056
DOI - 10.25296/1993-5056-2018-13-4-5-74-88
Subject(s) - sinkhole , karst , subsidence , geology , carbonate rock , carbonate , natural (archaeology) , mining engineering , physical geography , geography , structural basin , geomorphology , paleontology , sedimentary rock , materials science , metallurgy
The article summarizes existing information about the current surface manifestations of the covered carbonate karst in Moscow city territory. The analysis of engineering-geological conditions of sinkholes area in the north-west of the city is performed. The confinement of the sinkholes to places of overlapping of different ages entrenched streams and sites of ancient karst disturbances is noted. The technogenic reasons for the activation of sinks in the middle of the 20th century are considered and it is shown that the main factor is the change in the hydrodynamic regime. The most significant emergency situations in the north-west of Moscow were investigated and measures for liquidating the consequences, whose cost along with the value of destroyed objects determines the magnitude of direct economic damage, are characterized. On the example of a concrete sinkhole, the dynamics of emergency situation development are traced. The estimation of design decisions used for preservation of buildings and constructions stability in the places of possible sinkholes formation is given. It is concluded that one of the most important tasks of studying the development territories of a covered carbonate karst is to identify areas where ancient and buried old sinkholes are present and to classify these areas as hazardous. Now in Moscow there is only one such district in the north-west with an area of about 11 km2, despite the fact that sinks arise regularly throughout the city area. A rather complete information has been collected on the collapses and subsidence for the period from the beginning of the 20th century to the present day and an attempt has been made to reveal the superficial manifestations of karst in other parts of the city similar in geological conditions to the north-western region. A retrospective analysis of the engineering-geological conditions of the sites of modern sinks development is made and the karst-suffusion genesis of several collapses in the central part of Moscow has been determined, which gives grounds to single out another hazardous region here.