As serpentes vindas do Médio Oriente nos Textos das Pirâmides. Reflexão sobre as relações egípcias-orientais nos textos religiosos mais antigos

The Pyramid Texts created in Ancient Egypt and contextualised by the belief in life beyond death, were intended to accompany the deceased in their journey to the Hereafter, to protect and ensure the realisation of their needs there. The oldest religious texts demonstrate positive aspects, delight and lust for life and, due to the fact that they were composed in order to assist the pharaoh on his way to the sky and the true existence of the king in the Beyond, could never be questioned or endangered. However, despite everything evoked here, there are attestations of inimical forces, or perils, which are to be fought off. Emphasis will be placed on the question of how the “serpent spells” and use of language in them manifest the relationship of the pharaoh and the Egyptians with the inhabitants of the Near East. The ideas of the presumed origin of the formulae and the link with the creator Atum in the texts under discussion is also presented. One can trace the quiddity of the world as a complete work of the ancient Egyptian creator. Therefore, the author of the paper aims to scrutinise, with reference to contextual arguments, the language of the diagnostic “serpent spells” of the Pyramid Texts, namely the grammar, choice of vocabulary, phraseology, possible onomatopoeic effects, to elucidate linguistic means of expression used in the Pyramid Texts. The methodology of the linguistic worldview is used.