Open AccessHow do the Results Given by International Rating Agencies Penalize Spain? Criteria to Analyse the Country Risk and to Determine the Risk Premium
Author(s) -
J. Vicente Fruet Cardozo,
Juan Antonio Cañas Madueño,
José Ramón Millán de la Lastra
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
estudios de economía aplicada
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.123
H-Index - 6
eISSN - 1697-5731
pISSN - 1133-3197
DOI - 10.25115/eea.v32i3.3252
Subject(s) - solvency , credit rating , speculation , debt , country risk , market liquidity , work (physics) , business , bond credit rating , accounting , economics , actuarial science , finance , credit risk , credit reference , mechanical engineering , engineering
Within the last few years, the main international rating agencies have become even more prominent. They are mentioned in different circumstances. Some people think these agencies are managed by international speculators; others consider that their work is too technical and impartial, and others believe they should be replaced by exclusively European rating agencies. As seen, there are several opinions, but the fact is that financial analysts’ recommendations and investors’ decisions, concerning a real, financial economy, are based on the rating given to sovereign debts and companies quoted in international financial markets.This article uses a methodology concentrating the different criteria used by two of the main international rating agencies: Standard and Poor's and Moody's. Spain is the country analyzed and this is done from four points of view: political, economical, solvency, and liquidity. The data compared ranges from December 2001 to December 2012. The results show an evident and general deterioration.