Open AccessUSE OF MICRONUCLEUS EXPERIMENTS FOR THE DETECTION OF HUMAN CANCER RISKS: A BRIEF OVERVIEW
Author(s) -
Armen Nersesyan,
Miroslav Mišík,
Andriy Cherkas,
V.A. Serhiyenko,
Marlen Staudinger,
Serhii Holota,
Ostap Yatskevych,
Stanislav Melnyk,
Klaus Holzmann,
Siegfried Knasmüller
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
pracì naukovogo tovaristva ìmenì ševčenka. medičnì nauki
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2708-8642
pISSN - 2708-8634
DOI - 10.25040/ntsh2021.02.05
Subject(s) - micronucleus test , biomonitoring , micronucleus , cancer , cervical cancer , buccal swab , bladder cancer , risk assessment , medicine , toxicology , biology , physiology , toxicity , genetics , computer science , ecology , computer security
. Micronuclei (MN) are small extranuclear DNA-containing structures that are formed as a consequence of structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations. The advantage of MN experiments compared to conventional chromosomal analyses in metaphase cells is that the scoring is by far less time consuming and laborious. MN experiments are currently widely used for the routine screening of chemicals in vitro and in vivo but also for environmental control and human biomonitoring Objectives. The purpose of this review was to collect data on the use of MN experiments for the detection of increased cancer risks as a consequence of environmental, lifestyle and occupational exposures and the detection/diagnosis of different forms of cancer. Methods. Analysis of the literature on methods for MN experiments with humans; as well as the use of this technique in different areas of research. Results. To date, a wide range of protocols for human biomonitoring studies has been developed for the measurement of MN formation in peripheral blood cells and in epithelial from different organs (buccal and nasal cavity, cervix and bladder). In addition to MN, other nuclear anomalies can be scored which reflect genetic instability as well as acute toxicity and the division of target cells. Conclusions. The evidence is accumulating that MN can be used as a diagnostic tool for the detection of increased cancer risks as well as for the early diagnosis of cervical and bladder cancer