Open AccessMob Ideology or Democracy: Analyzing Taiping Rebellion’s Defeat and Revolution of 1911’s Triumph in Ending the Qing Dynasty
Author(s) -
Bincheng Mao
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
swarthmore undergraduate history journal
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2693-244X
DOI - 10.24968/2693-244x.2.1.2
Subject(s) - ideology , china , democratic revolution , constitutionalism , doctrine , law , democracy , ancient history , english revolution , government (linguistics) , cultural revolution , economic history , history , political economy , sociology , political science , politics , philosophy , linguistics
This paper investigates the underlying factors that caused the Qing Dynasty of China to survive the Taiping Rebellion yet crumbled upon the Revolution of 1911. It first examines the ideological differences between the two attempts of regime change, followed by an exploration into the extent of foreign interference in determining the outcomes of the two events. Subsequently, the author analyzes the conflict between the constitutionalists and the absolute monarchists within the Qing court during the time of the Revolution in 1911. Ultimately, this paper concludes that the Qing dynasty survived the Taiping Rebellion yet crumbled upon the Xinhai Revolution because the latter’s San-min Doctrine, also known as the “Three Principles of the People,” drew support from within the Qing regional governments as its ideology gave them hopes of preserving powers, while the Taiping Rebellion’s mob ideology achieved the contrary; on top of this, the Revolution of 1911 faced a Qing government weakened by internal conflicts over constitutional reforms, and it also successfully prevented foreign powers from intervening on behalf of the falling imperial dynasty.