Процессы дигитализации как драйвер экономического развития: опыт мировых и российских крупнейших компаний

Под влиянием быстроменяющихся технологических условий инструментом конкурентной борьбы становится дигитализация бизнеса. Целью исследования является выявление роли глобальных вызовов как драйвера дигитализации и оценка ее вклада в развитие крупнейших публичных компаний мира. На основе теории конкурентоспособности и адаптации разработана модель классификации компаний по лидерству и динамике прибыли. Применялся индикативный анализ показателей 946 крупнейших компаний за 2007-2018 гг. Выявлены 4 типа крупнейших компаний, использующих стратегии дигитализации, характеризующие конкурентоспособность, специализацию, регион. The article focuses on the issue of global technological challenges appearing in companies. The objective of the investigation is to identify the role of global challenges as a source of digitalization, analyze the largest companies as a special form of the digitalization manifestation and assess the contribution of digitalization processes into the development of the global and Russian largest companies. The theories of competitiveness and adaptation are the methodological background. Global business- trends were determined by analyzing the largest companies. To define the corporate strategies of leadership and the digitalization role, the model for the largest companies classification by leadership and profit dynamics was developed. The indicative analysis of the world largest companies financial and market indicators was used as the research method. The research model was tested on the basis of 964 largest companies indicators, included into the Forbes «Global 2000», within the period of 2007-2018. As a result of the study four types of the largest companies with special characteristics (intra-branch competitiveness, companies specialization, region of location) were determined. The digitalization is proved to be the driver of the economic development: the companies strategically using the digitalization of business are or are becoming the market leaders with the above-average profit dynamics. The digitalization affects on the companies competitiveness, and they choose or have to follow one of the following strategies: start to introduce into certain elements of current business processes; expand digitalization, launch additional business models or provide leadership by using digitalization in key business processes. Not to loose in the competition for the strategically important markets of the future for Russia, it is recommended for domestic companies to develop and implement the tools for regular monitoring of the leading companies digitalization and methods for predicting the translation of the advanced digitalization elements as part of the STI strategy.