Сущность и классификация категории «экономическая безопасность» в современной экономике

Целью настоящего исследования является изучение исторической динамики понятия «экономическая безопасность», его текущих трактовок, систематизация определений че-рез выделение ключевых подходов и терминов, а также выделение унифицированного метода «генерации» понятия «экономическая безопасность» и его подвидовых понятий. В статье через призму подходов различных (по времени и географии) экономических школ проведен анализ формулировок определения, произведена их сравнительная характеристика в ведущих концепциях экономической безопасности (Российская Федерация и Соединенные Штаты Америки). Вы-двинуто предложение о соблюдении непротиворечивой иерархии построения определения «экономическая безопасность» с выявлением отношений со смежными категория-ми и понятиями, представлена авторская формулировка данной категории. One of the fundamental concepts in economic theory is the con-cept of "economic security". In the practice of Russian economic research, since the 1990s there have been numerous and often heterogeneous definitions of this concept. The main purpose of the study was to consider the development of economic security concepts on the historical horizon and the modern concept defi-nitions classification, given by Russian and foreign researchers. The article puts forward the thesis that the maintaining economic process of efficiency and development, both of individual eco-nomic entities and the state, depends on a clear understanding of the economic security concept, the search for approaches to the economic security preservation. Interest is the systematization of the economic security concepts presented in the leading powers strategies. The leading method of research is the definitions according grouping to the principles of the matrix method. It was revealed that the economic security concept is disclosed using factors freely com-bined into three groups (includes: sustainability, protection of interests, ensuring sovereignty), and the most common definitions are built using words-markers: state, security, advantage, process. One of the main study results is an algorithm for constructing the definition of the economic security concept, which allows to model and refine the definition of the concept based on the initial categories, consider-ing the economic context. The author's definition is also formulated, which reflects the interrelation of such components as the protection of interests, the impact of threats, the stability preservation, inde-pendence, ensuring development, self-adaptation and self-reproduction.