Open AccessПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ АТОМНОЙ ЭНЕРГЕТИКИ В ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ РОССИИ
Author(s) -
Р.М. Яковлев,
И.А. Обухова
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
biosfera
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2077-1460
pISSN - 2077-1371
DOI - 10.24855/biosfera.v13i3.591
Subject(s) - plutonium , mox fuel , nuclear power , nuclear fuel , spent nuclear fuel , nuclear energy policy , waste management , nuclear engineering , environmental science , nuclear weapon , engineering , nuclear physics , physics
Large-scale nuclear energetics can satisfy demands for all kinds of energy, i.e. it can secure energy safety of Russia and the whole humankind; however, this is associated with a number of daunting problems. With that, this approach is a priority for Russia. The State Corporation RosAtom is involved in the development of nuclear reactors in Russia and abroad on the conditions that the reactors will be supplied with nuclear fuel from Russia and the spent fuel will be returned to Russia for conversion into mixed uranium and plutonium oxide (MOX) fuel. In the city Zheleznogorsk near Krasnoyarsk, the first production line of a plant for treating 2000 tons of spent nuclear fuel annually has been already launched. The principal strategic plan of RosAtom, which has been being realized currently, is to develop nuclear power production based on fuel recycling using fast neutron reactors for generation of plutonium, which may be used in nuclear weapons and is most hazardous for the biosphere. The possibility of accidents associated with radioactive discharges cannot be excluded, and the hazardousness of such accidents in increased by using plutonium-based fuels. The nuclear power-based approach to energy production is costly but also dangerous not only for Russia.