EFEKTIVITAS TEKNIK ANTESCEDENT CONTROL DAN DIFFERENTIAL REINFORCEMENT OF ALTERNATIVE BEHAVIOR UNTUK MENURUNKAN FREKUENSI PICA

ABSTRAKPica merupakan gangguan yang berbahaya karena membawa dampak negatif dan membutuhkan intervensi khsusus. Pica lebih sering terjadi pada individu dengan keberfungsian yang rendah dan individu dengan diagnosis autism. Meskipun telah banyak penelitian tentang pica, tetapi masih sedikit penelitian yang menguji efektivitas intervensi pada setting alami partisipan. Penurunan frekuensi pica dapat ditangani dengan teknik differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) danantescendent control, dengan perilaku alternative membuang objek non-food ke tempat sampah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji efektivitas teknik DRA danantescedent control dalam mengurangi frekuensi pica pada anak dengan autism with accompanying intellectual and language impairment (no intelligible speech).Metode penelitian menggunakan single case A-B-A-B reversal design, dengan partisipan anak laki-laki berusia 11 tahun dengan autism yang masih sering memasukkan objek non- food ke dalam mulut. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 44 sesi, termasuk post-test yang masing-masing terdiri dari 5 trial. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik DRA dan antescendent control efektif menurunkan frekuensi pica menjadi 0 perilaku/menit dan meningkatkan frekuensi perilaku membuang objek non-foodsebesar 80%.Kata kunci: modifikasi perilaku, pica, autism, antescedent control, differential reinforcement, intellectual disability, language impairmentABSTRACTPica is a dangerous disorder that resulted in negative impact and requires special intervention. Pica is more common in individuals with low functioning and individuals with a diagnosis of autism. Although there is a lot of research on pica, there are still few studies that discuss the evaluation of effectiveness of intervention in participant’s natural setting. Reduction of pica can be done by using differential reinforcement of alternative behavior (DRA) and antescedent controls, with alternative behavior of discard non-food object into the trash. This research aimed to examine the effectivity of DRA technique and antescedent control in reducing the frequency of pica in children with autism accompanied by intellectual and language disorders. The research method used a single case A-B-A-B reversal design.The participatant was a 11-year-old boy with autism who frequently insert non-food objects into his mouth. The study was conducted in 44 sessions, including post-tests, each of which consisted of 5 trials. The results of this study indicate that the DRA technique and antescendent control effectively reduce the frequency of pica to 0 behavior / minute and increase the frequency of discard non-food object by 80%.Keywords: behavior modification, pica, autism, antescedent control, differential reinforcement, intellectual disability, language impairment