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Peran pemeriksaan radiologis pada diagnosis Coronavirus disease 2019
Author(s) -
Budi Yanti,
Ulfa Hayatun
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
jks/jks (jurnal kedokteran syiah kuala)
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2550-0112
pISSN - 1412-1026
DOI - 10.24815/jks.v20i1.18300
Subject(s) - medicine , covid-19 , disease , infectious disease (medical specialty)
Abstrak. Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) telah menjadi pandemi di seluruh dunia dengan angka kejadian yang terus meningkat di beberapa negara. Kecepatan dan ketepatan diagnosis diperlukan untuk mencegah perburukan kondisi pasien. Real-Time Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) sampai saat ini masih menjadi baku emas untuk menegakkan diagnosis COVID-19, namun uji diagnostik ini dilaporkan banyak menunjukkan hasil negatif palsu. Pemeriksaan radiologi berupa foto toraks dan CT-Scan dada banyak dilakukan untuk  menunjang diagnosis COVID-19. Gambaran foto toraks yang paling sering ditemukan adalah konsolidasi, ground-glass opacity (GGO), distribusi bilateral, perifer dan di lobus bawah paru-paru, namun pemeriksaan ini dianggap tidak sensitif untuk menemukan kelainan paru pada tahap awal penyakit. Meskipun demikian, foto toraks dapat digunakan untuk memantau perkembangan kelainan paru akibat COVID-19, salah satunya dengan metode Brixia Score. Pada sisi lain,CT-scan dada dinilai lebih sensitif daripada foto toraks serta mampu menunjukkan kelainan paru tahap awal pada pasien dengan hasil RT-PCR yang negatif. Gambaran pada CT-scan dada umumnya menunjukkan GGO, konsolidasi, crazy-paving stone, dan air bronchogram.  CT-scan dapat mengurangi angka negatif palsu pada RT-PCR dan sebagai alat skrining pada pasien yang dicurigai COVID-19 di lokasi epidemis saat hasil RT-PCR tidak tersedia. Penggunaan pemeriksaan radiologi dan RT-PCR dapat menghemat waktu serta membantu diagnosis dan manajemen COVID-19. Kata Kunci: Pencitraan COVID-19, Radiologi SARS-CoV-2Abstract. Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) has become a worldwide pandemic with an increasing incidence in several countries. Speed and accuracy of diagnosis are needed to prevent worsening of patient's condition. Real-Time Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) is still a gold standard of COVID-19 diagnosis, however, this test shown false negative results in several case. Radiological examinations, chest X-Ray (CXR) and CT scan, are used to support the diagnosis. The most commonly found in CXR are consolidation, ground-glass opacity (GGO), bilateral distribution, peripheral and in the lower lobe, but this examination is insensitive to find lung abnormalities in early stages of disease. However, CXR can be used to monitor the development of lung abnormalities due to COVID-19, such as the Brixia Score method. On the other hand, CT-Scan is more sensitive than CXR and able to show early lung abnormalities in negative RT-PCR results. CT scan show the presence of GGO, consolidation, crazy-paving stone, and air bronchogram. CT-scanning can reduce the false-negative rate on RT-PCR and become a screening tool in suspected COVID-19 patients at epidemic area where RT-PCR is not available. The use of radiological examinations and RT-PCR can save the time and help in the diagnosis and management of COVID-19.Keywords: COVID-19’s Radiology, Imaging of SARS-CoV-2

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