Open AccessProinflammatory cytokine changes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cells isolated from pigs infected solely with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus or co-infected with swine influenza virus
Author(s) -
Ewelina CzyżewskaDors,
Małgorzata PomorskaMól,
Arkadiusz Dors,
Aneta Pluta,
Katarzyna Podgórska,
Krzysztof Kwit,
Ewelina Stasiak,
Anna Łukomska
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
journal of veterinary research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.469
H-Index - 25
eISSN - 2450-8608
pISSN - 2450-7393
DOI - 10.2478/jvetres-2019-0063
Subject(s) - porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus , bronchoalveolar lavage , biology , immune system , virology , immunology , virus , innate immune system , proinflammatory cytokine , cytokine , arterivirus , influenza a virus , lung , inflammation , medicine , covid-19 , pathology , disease , infectious disease (medical specialty)
The study evaluated the patterns of local innate immune response in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cells of pigs infected with porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) alone or co-infected with swine influenza virus (SIV). Material and Methods The study was performed on 26 seven-week-old pigs in three groups: PRRSV-infected (n = 11), PRRSV and SIV-infected (n = 11), and control (n = 4). BALF was collected post euthanasia at 2 and 4 dpi (three piglets per inoculated group) and at 21 dpi (all remaining pigs). Expression of IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 mRNA was quantified in BALF cells. PRRSV RNA was quantified in BALF samples using a commercial real-time RT-PCR kit. Results The three cytokines IFN-α, IFN-γ, and IL-1β presented significant expression changes in all experimental pigs. In PRRSV-infected animals IL-8 also did, but in co-infected subjects IL-6 and IL-10 were the additional upregulated cytokines. The highest number of differentially expressed genes was observed at 4 dpi, and significant differences in cytokine gene expression did not occur between the experimental groups at any other time point. The mean PRRSV load in the BALF of PRRSV-infected pigs was higher than that of co-infected pigs at each time point, having statistical significance only at 4 dpi. Conclusion The results of the study indicate that infection with PRRSV alone as well as with SIV interferes with innate and adaptive immune response in the infected host. They also showed that co-infection demonstrates additive effects on IL-6 and IL-10 mRNA expression levels.