Open AccessThe Impact of Outdoor Education Camp Program in Building Resilience among University Students
Author(s) -
Shamsulariffin Samsudin,
Tengku Fadilah Tengku Kamalden,
Azlizam Aziz,
Mohd Hafizal Ismail,
Sam Shor Nahar Yaakob,
Noor Hamzani Farizan
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
asian journal of university education/asian journal of university education
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.198
H-Index - 3
eISSN - 2600-9749
pISSN - 1823-7797
DOI - 10.24191/ajue.v17i4.16185
Subject(s) - multivariate analysis of variance , psychology , competence (human resources) , test (biology) , psychological resilience , resilience (materials science) , medical education , applied psychology , developmental psychology , social psychology , medicine , computer science , paleontology , physics , machine learning , biology , thermodynamics
Resilience is gained through life experiences that local university students lack from a classroom environment. This study investigated the effect of outdoor education camp programs on the levels of resilience among Physical Education students from two selected universities in Malaysia. A questionnaire was utilized as the primary research tool in this study to assess the participants' perceptions and knowledge acquisition as well as their level of resilience toward the outdoor education camp programs. A total of 162 undergraduate students were studied using a pre-test and post-test approach and a modified version of the Connor-Davidson in a 25 items self-report scale. Analysis of paired t-test showed differences in factors involved in resilience variables, personal competence, instincts and tolerance of negative behavior, positive acceptance of change, control, and spiritual influence. The findings indicated a positive effect towards resilience upon completion of the 14-day outdoor education camp program. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was carried out to evaluate if participation in the outdoor education program influenced participants' perceived level of resilience. Overall, there were statistically significant increases in resilience levels from the pre-test to the post-test stage. These results lead to the need for in-depth research into the assessment of internal factors in an outdoor camp program to provide valuable information on the effect of the intervention and implications towards enhancing resilience of the participants in low to high-risk activities.
Keywords: Outdoor education, Personal Development, Program Evaluation, Physical Education, Resilience