TO THE QUESTION OF STOCKING OF KAZAKHSTAN WATER BODIES BY FISH STOCKING MATERIAL OF VALUABLE FISH SPECIES

Rational use of fish stocks in fishing reservoirs impliesa substantiated strategy of stocking water bodies by valuable fish juveniles. In reservoirs used for commercial fishing, ichthyofauna has a property of self-reproducing: in the process of natural spawning of fish there occurs further replenishment of fish abundance. Under intensive fishing and unstable hydrological regime ability of populations for self-reproduction is violated, so in order to maintain a sustainable fish population, measures are required to support fish populations. For this purpose, there is carried out stocking of natural reservoirs where commercial fishing is conducted. At present, the stocking of Kazakhstan fishery reservoirs is mainly carried out by larvae and fingerlings of carp and carnivorous fishes, giving a small commercial return. The analysis of results of the current practice and operating system of fish stocking by valuable fish juveniles shows its inefficiency. It is recommended to take into account the feeding area for a specific species, the biomass of the components of the food base used by this species, the survival at specific age stages of the invader when determining the amount of stocking. There have been proposed measures to increase stocking effectiveness, defined the age stages and principles of selecting producers to obtain fish planting material. For stocking, the genetic diversity of the producers is important, so the breeding stocks in hatcheries should be constantly replenished by wild producers. There has been stated the need of complete separating reproducing and commercial fishery, as well as for the rights of stocking for a particular user (a reservoir tenant), depending on the distributed catch quota. There are shown examples of calculating required stocking material for stocking a water reservoir with sazan and for using residual food supply (stocking Lake Balkhash by grass carp and the Ust-Kamenogorsk water reservoir by ripus).