儒家視角下的超人類主義反思——如何監管我們的後人類未來？

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English. 隨著高科技操縱人類生命的潛力日益明顯超人類主義運動也愈加受到學界重視相關研究飛速增長但尚缺乏一種基於儒家視角的系統研究。本文試圖表明儒家視角對反思超人類主義具有不可替代的重要性不僅因為它可以幫助我們更清晰、更深刻地把握超人類主義的影響和風險而且因為它可以在超人類主義的技術主義圖景之外提供想像和監管我們後人類未來的另一種可能性。具體而言本研究致力於在一種隱含比較視域下展開儒家的批判性視角從儒家“天人合一”觀念出發闡釋儒家為什麼不能接受超人類主義並嘗試探索儒家反對超人類主義的倫理理由與西方生物保守主義的同異之處。由此本文嘗試將不同文化來源的思想帶入對話中既是通過它們分歧之處更是要通過它們共同關懷的議題來更好地思考超人類主義計劃對人類社會、對人類未來意味著什麼並回答“如何監管我們的後人類未來”這一至關重要的問題。 As the potential of high technology to manipulate human life becomes increasingly evident, the transhumanist movement is receiving greater scholarly attention, and the number of related research projects is growing exponentially. However, systematic research from a Confucian perspective is still lacking. This paper attempts to demonstrate the unique value of a Confucian perspective in reflecting on transhumanism. Confucian thought can not only help us grasp the implications and risks of transhumanism with clarity and depth but also offer alternative possibilities for imagining as well as regulating our posthuman future beyond the technocratic picture of transhumanism. Specifically, this paper develops a critical Confucian perspective in an implicitly comparative context to explain why Confucianism cannot accept transhumanism due to the Confucian notion of “the unity of heaven and man”天人合一and to explore the similarities and differences between Confucian and bio-conservative perspectives on transhumanism. I thereby bring ideas from different cultural sources into dialogue to form a better understanding of what transhumanism means for human society and its future, and to answer the crucial question of how to regulate our posthuman future.