以儒家中庸思想探討生命倫理學基本理論和原則

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.中庸是孔子儒學思想的核心。中庸既承認絕對道德的存在即“玄德”的存在又承認具體道德的相對性即“時權”的方法。與此同時中庸帶有一定的功利主義的思想。本文認為中庸的思想可以用不同的方式解決義務論和功利主義或效益主義之間的矛盾。由於中庸提倡既不能“過”也不能“不及”其思想為我們看待生命倫理學原則的一般性和特殊性的關係、義務性和功利性的關係以及對我們解決生命倫理學中的具體問題如生死提供了理論與實踐的基礎。This essay explores the doctrine of the mean as the key concept in Confucian thought and practice, contending that it has both general and specific dimensions as it recognizes the absoluteness of moral and ethical principles while acknowledging the importance of relativity in concrete situations when those principles are used. The notion of the “mean” is thus not merely a moral virtue that enables the avoidance of extremes; rather, it is utilitarian because it looks for goodness and effectiveness.This essay points out that the Confucian notion of the mean can be applied to a wide range of bioethical issues, particularly the way we look at life and death in the case of euthanasia and abortion. In Western moral philosophy, there has always been some disagreement about the importance of principles and rules to morality exemplified by the debate between Kantians and utilitarians. The essay argues that the doctrine of the mean in Confucianism offers an alternative way of examining the differences between these two moral approaches.DOWNLOAD HISTORY | This article has been downloaded 300 times in Digital Commons before migrating into this platform.