Thyroid gland – historical essay

Formulation of the problem. The first imagest hyroid gland can be found in ancient Egyptian and ancient Chinese sculptures date back 2700 years to oursera. Historiographical base. The thyroid gland was known already the authors of antiquity and the Middle Ages, although they described goiter and cretinism, but have not yet linked these diseases to the disorder gland function. The purpose of the study - to analyze the historical milestones in the formation of thyroidology. Main part. As early as 1600 year BC were among the first, Chinese doctors in treatment of enlarged thyroid gland steel use seafood and seaweed, but they do not knew that the therapeutic effect arises from iodine. Large scientist Gallen believed that the thyroid gland is a kind"Buffer" between the heart and the brain. In the 19th century it became actively develop thyroid surgery, with the main problem of surgeons remained high mortality. In 1881, Billroth was one of the first in Europe to report 48 successful thyroid surgeries. Upon receipt artificial thyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism (insufficiency thyroid hormones) a new era began. Another half of the 20th century was marked by active research causes of autoimmune diseases such as diffuse toxic goiter, autoimmune thyroiditis. Detected antibodies to thyroperoxidase, antibodies to thyroglobulin, antibodies to TSH receptors. Conclusion. Definitely the future of development knowledge in the field of thyroid gland according to research in the field genetics of diseases, creation of new drugs and methods diagnosis of autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland.