Open AccessA Review on Biodegradation and Biotransformation of Explosive Chemicals
Author(s) -
Thankgod Ositadinma Ndibe,
Benthai Benjamin,
Winnie Chuno Eugene,
Johnson John Usman
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
european journal of engineering research and science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2506-8016
DOI - 10.24018/ejers.2018.3.11.925
Subject(s) - explosive material , biodegradation , trinitrotoluene , biotransformation , environmental science , bioremediation , environmental chemistry , waste management , contamination , biochemical engineering , chemistry , engineering , ecology , biology , biochemistry , organic chemistry , enzyme
Military training activities as well as manufacturing and decommissioning operations, lead to the generation of large quantities of explosive chemicals. Detonation and disposal of these explosive chemicals contaminate soil and ground water, thus posing a threat to living organisms and natural resources. The most commonly used explosives in artillery shells, bombs, grenades and other munitions are 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT), Hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) and Octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (HMX). Due to their recalcitrant nature, toxicity and persistence in the environment, the study of their biodegradation and biotransformation is paramount. This paper reviews the chemistry, fate, degradation and transformation of this explosive chemicals in the natural environment. Emphasis is placed on TNT, RDX and HMX. This review will help scientists to adopt strategies and develop optimum biological treatment scheme for the in situ bioremediation of explosives-contaminated soil especially at firing/impact ranges.