Open AccessEFFICIENCY: CONCEPTS, CRITERIA, LEVELS, REGIONAL ASPECT
Author(s) -
V. V. Selyutin
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
èkologiâ. èkonomika. informatika. tom 1: sistemnyj analiz i modelirovanie èkonomičeskih i èkologičeskih sistem
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2500-395X
DOI - 10.23885/2500-395x-2021-1-6-248-254
Subject(s) - economic efficiency , shareholder , economics , politics , creditor , set (abstract data type) , business , economic system , public economics , microeconomics , computer science , corporate governance , political science , macroeconomics , finance , debt , programming language , law
t. Efficiency is the most important characteristic of purposeful systems, regardless of their nature – technical, economic, socio-political, organizational, etc. At the same time, various meanings are put into this concept. Another problem of understanding the essence and analyzing economic efficiency is the multiplicity of points of view based on which efficiency and effectiveness are assessed. Various definitions and performance criteria are discussed. The efficiency of the activity of one and the same economic entity may appear to be very different from the standpoint of minority and key shareholders, top managers and other employees, creditors, clients, the state (tax service), public organizations and society as a whole. Thisis due to the discrepancy between the goals and objectives of various participants in the socio-economic system, including those integrated into the business in question. Based on the analysis of various concepts, it seems appropriate to distinguish between two levels of efficiency: in the narrow and in the broad sense. Efficiency in the narrow sense (tactical) is assessed over a standard time interval; exclusively within the framework of financial indicators; without taking into account the strategic guidelines for the development of the subsystem and its interaction with the supersystem – economic, environmental, social. Efficiency in a broad sense (strategic) is assessed for a characteristic period by a set of indicators, including non-monetary values, taking into account the interaction with the supersystem. The final part of the article is devoted to the problem of assessing the efficiency of regional systems. Based on the simplest DEA-model with two inputs (the number of employees and the cost of fixed assets) and one output (gross regional product), an analysis of the Pareto efficiency of the regions of the South of Russia is carried out. The most efficient economy within the framework of this model is the economy of the gas producing Astrakhan region. The next group of effective regions is Krasnodar Region, Volgograd Region and the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania. The least effective are Sevastopol, the Republic of Crimea, the Chechen Republic and the Republic of Ingushetia.