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Thermodynamic Evaluation of Inclusions Formation and Behaviour in Steels during Casting and Solidification
Author(s) -
Nurmi Sonja,
Louhenkilpi Seppo,
Holappa Lauri
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
steel research international
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.603
H-Index - 49
eISSN - 1869-344X
pISSN - 1611-3683
DOI - 10.2374/sri09sp037
Subject(s) - ladle , metallurgy , slag (welding) , materials science , continuous casting , casting , inclusion (mineral) , liquid steel , mineralogy , chemistry
For demanding applications high steel cleanliness and strictly controlled inclusions are required. Primary inclusions are formed during steel treatments in the ladle. Most of these are removed to the ladle slag or on the lining. However, the rest of the inclusions still remain through the successive process stages, and additionally new inclusions are formed during casting and solidification due to decreasing thermodynamic solubility of oxygen in the steel at lower temperatures, reactions with surrounding slag, refractory materials and eventual contact with air. Inclusions formation and transformation are simulated by thermodynamic calculations in the steel/inclusions/slag system taking into account the solidification phenomena. In this paper inclusions in Si/Mn‐deoxidised steel and Al‐deoxidised Ca‐treated steels are contributed. Calculations are compared with experimental results from steel plants.