Palliative and End-of-Life Care: Vital Aspects of Holistic Diabetes Care of Older People With Diabetes

Palliative and end-of-life care and advance care planning are important components of holistic diabetes management, especially for older people with a long duration of diabetes and comorbidities who experience unpleasant symptoms and remediable suffering. Many diabetes clinicians do not have conversations about advance care planning with people with diabetes, often because they are reluctant to discuss these issues and are not familiar with palliative care. This article outlines palliative, terminal, and end-of-life care for older people with type 1 or type 2 diabetes and suggests when to consider changing the focus on tight blood glucose control to a focus on safety and comfort. It proposes strategies to incorporate palliative and end-of-life care into personalized holistic diabetes care, determined with older people with diabetes and their families through shared decision-making.