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Tree competition and species coexistence in a cool‐temperate old‐growth forest in southwestern Japan
Author(s) -
Hara T.,
Nishimura N.,
Yamamoto S.
Publication year - 1995
Publication title -
journal of vegetation science
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.1
H-Index - 115
eISSN - 1654-1103
pISSN - 1100-9233
DOI - 10.2307/3236355
Subject(s) - interspecific competition , basal area , fagus crenata , biology , canopy , competition (biology) , beech , intraspecific competition , understory , diameter at breast height , old growth forest , ecology , botany
. The growth dynamics and mode of competition between adult trees ≥ 4 cm in DBH (stem diameter at breast height 1.3 m) of eight abundant species occupying ca. 90 % of the total basal area were investigated in a 4‐ha study plot (200 m × 200 m) of a cool‐temperate, old‐growth forest on Mount Daisen, southwestern Japan. In the study plot, 30 tree species with individuals ≥ 4.0 cm DBH co‐occurred. A bimodal DBH distribution showing upper and lower‐canopy layers was found for the most dominant and largest species, Fagus crenata (ca. 78 % of the total basal area), whilst other tree species showed unimodal DBH distributions corresponding mostly to the lower‐canopy layer. We developed a model for individual growth incorporating both intra and interspecific competition and the degree of competitive asymmetry. Onesided interspecific competition was detected only from Fagus crenata (upper‐canopy species) to Acer japonicum and Acanthopanax sciadophylloides (lower‐canopy species) on the scale of the 4‐ha study plot. Only Acanthopanax sciadophylloides showed symmetric intraspecific competition. However, a positive (non‐competitive) interspecific relationship between adult trees prevailed over a competitive relationship; for example, individual DBH growth rate of Fagus crenata (especially lower‐canopy trees) was correlated with the abundance of Acer mono . The positive relationship represented a group of species with similar habitat preference [soil type (mature or immature) caused by landslide disturbance and the presence/absence of Sasa dwarf bamboos in the understorey], where tree densities were not so high as to bring about competition. Competitive interactions between adult trees ≥ 4 cm in DBH occurred only locally between a few specific species and were suggested to be almost irrelevant to the variation in species coexistence on the 4‐ha scale of cool‐temperate forest. Rather, the coexistence of 30 tree species (species diversity) on this large scale was suggested to be governed by the regeneration pattern of each component species (habitat preference, seedling establishment, sapling competition) with respect to landslide disturbance.