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Phytochemistry and the systematics and ecology of Loasaceae and Gronoviaceae (Loasales)
Author(s) -
Weigend Maximilian,
Kufer Johanna,
Müller Andreas A.
Publication year - 2000
Publication title -
american journal of botany
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.218
H-Index - 151
eISSN - 1537-2197
pISSN - 0002-9122
DOI - 10.2307/2656658
Subject(s) - iridoid , biology , loganin , sensu , systematics , phytochemistry , taxon , botany , genus , ecology , taxonomy (biology) , glycoside , chemistry , high performance liquid chromatography , chromatography
A screening for iridoid compounds of 78 of 315 species from all major groups in Gronoviaceae and Loasaceae has been carried out. The results were compared to the systematic concepts in the family and distribution and ecology of the taxa. Iridoids are present in at least some species of all genera screened. Some simple, monomeric compounds (e.g., loganin, sweroside) are found in all major groups of the two families and represent the basic iridoid inventory. Other compounds are restricted to certain taxonomic groups: nine‐carbon iridoids (e.g., deutzioside) are restricted to Mentzelia (Loasaceae subfam. Mentzelioideae), hetero‐oligomeric iridoids (e.g., tricoloroside methyl ester, acerifolioside) are restricted to two small groups in Loasa ( Loasa ser. Macrospermae and ser. Floribundae , Loasaceae subfam. Loasoideae), and oleosides (e.g., 10‐hydroxyoleoside dimethyl ester) are restricted to the large genus Caiophora sensu Weigend). The distribution of certain iridoid compounds thus confirms some of the generic limits. Iridoid phytochemistry does not correlate with systematic entities above the generic level nor does it in any way correlate with the morphological evolution of taxa. Conversely, the amount and complexity of iridoid compounds present in taxa correlate positively with the aridity of their habitat and the extent of mammalian herbivore pressure.