Premium
Towards a phylogenetic nomenclature of Tracheophyta
Author(s) -
Cantino Philip D.,
Doyle James A.,
Graham Sean W.,
Judd Walter S.,
Olmstead Richard G.,
Soltis Douglas E.,
Soltis Pamela S.,
Donoghue Michael J.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
taxon
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.819
H-Index - 81
eISSN - 1996-8175
pISSN - 0040-0262
DOI - 10.2307/25065864
Subject(s) - clade , synapomorphy , phylogenetic nomenclature , nomenclature , cladistics , biology , taxon , phylogenetic tree , character evolution , evolutionary biology , zoology , taxonomy (biology) , botany , genetics , gene
This is an abbreviated version of a paper that appears in full in the Electronic supplement to Taxon . Phylogenetic definitions are provided for the names of 20 clades of vascular plants (plus 33 others in the electronic supplement). Emphasis has been placed on well‐supported clades that are widely known to non‐specialists and/or have a deep origin within Tracheophyta or Angiospermae . These treatments follow the draft PhyloCode and illustrate the application of phylogenetic nomenclature in a variety of nomenclatural and phylogenetic contexts. Phylogenetic nomenclature promotes precision in distinguishing crown, apomorphy‐based, and total clades, thereby improving communication about character evolution and divergence times. To make these distinctions more transparent without increasing the number of entirely different names that must be learned, the following naming conventions (which have been adopted in the most recent draft of the PhyloCode ) are employed here: widely known names are applied to crown clades, and the corresponding total clade (i.e., crown plus stem) is named “ Pan‐X ”, where “ X ” is the name of the crown (e.g., Pan‐Spermatophyta for the total clade of plants that share more recent ancestry with extant seed plants than with any other crown clade). If a name “ X ” that is based etymologically on an apomorphy is applied to the crown, the name “ Apo‐X ” is applied to the clade for which this trait is synapomorphic (e.g., Apo‐Spermatophyta for the clade originating from the first plant with seeds). Crown clade names can be defined by three kinds of definitions, two of which are used here: standard node‐based and branch‐modified node‐based. The latter is particularly useful when outgroup relationships of a crown clade are better known than basal relationships within the clade. Criteria and approaches used here to choose among competing preexisting names for a clade, to select a definition type, to choose appropriate specifiers, and (in some cases) to restrict the use of a name to certain phylogenetic contexts may be widely applicable when naming other clades. The phylogenetic definitions proposed here should help focus future discussions of the PhyloCode on real definitions rather than simplified hypothetical ones.