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The Exclusion of Limnetic Cladocera from Turbid Glacier‐Meltwater Lakes
Author(s) -
Koenings J. P.,
Burkett Robert D.,
Edmundson John M.
Publication year - 1990
Publication title -
ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.144
H-Index - 294
eISSN - 1939-9170
pISSN - 0012-9658
DOI - 10.2307/1940247
Subject(s) - limnetic zone , zooplankton , epilimnion , ecology , bosmina , biology , glacial period , cladocera , meltwater , daphnia , hypolimnion , cyclops , bacterioplankton , branchiopoda , gasterosteus , phytoplankton , littoral zone , fishery , eutrophication , nutrient , fish <actinopterygii> , paleontology
Glacial lakes, turbid (@>5 nephleometric turbidity units) with suspended particles (1—30 @mm), have both lower May—November levels of chlorophyll a and temperatures compared to nonglacial systems. Macro—zooplankton densities are also lower and dominated by Cyclops and Diaptomus. Extensive surveys showed that, regardless of the presence or absence of planktivorous fish, filter—feeding caldocerans (e.g., Bosmina, Daphnia, and Holopedium) were only absent from the limnetic zooplankton community of the glacial lakes. Both laboratory and in situ biochamber experiments demonstrated that turbidity reduced Daphnia survival and recruitment. Nondiscriminating filter feeders ingest glacial silt (average diameter of °11 @mm) because the size—range overlaps that of the phytoplankton. We speculate that such an inefficient foraging strategy, especially when silt levels are high and algal numbers low, lowers energy extractable from ingested food below maintenance levels. Thus, the limnetic macro—zooplankton community of most Alaskan glacial lakes is restricted to either the selective herbivore Diaptomus and the raptorial feeding Cyclops, or to just Cyclops.