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Cold Hardiness and Deep Supercooling of Hardwoods: Its Occurrence in Provenance Collections of Red Oak, Yellow Birch, Black Walnut, and Black Cherry
Author(s) -
George Milon F.,
Hong Sung Gak,
Burke Michael J.
Publication year - 1977
Publication title -
ecology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 2.144
H-Index - 294
eISSN - 1939-9170
pISSN - 0012-9658
DOI - 10.2307/1939018
Subject(s) - hardiness (plants) , juglans , botany , provenance , horticulture , supercooling , biology , juglandaceae , geography , cultivar , paleontology , meteorology
Fully cold—acclimated dormant twigs from provenance collections of red oak (Quercus rubra L.), yellow birch (Betula lutea Michx. F.), black walnut (Juglans nigra L.), and wild black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) were collected in winter 1975. Stem sections from latest season's growth were evaluated for freezing of a deep supercooled fraction of their stem H 2 O which froze anomalously at their killing temperature. Results show that all trees within each provenance collection have low temperature freezing points for stem H 2 O between —38° and —47°C. Generally no correlations were found in simple linear regression analyses comparing the low temperature freezing points with average annual minimum temperature or latitude for each geographic seed source. All trees throughout the natural ranges of the species investigated are capable of attaining a freezing resistance in the vicinity of —40°C. Additional analysis on red oak demonstrated a 25% decrease in the amount of deep supercooling H 2 O for northern versus southern samples.