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Costs and Returns of Education in Five Agricultural Areas of Eastern Brazil
Author(s) -
Patrick George F.,
Kehrberg Earl W.
Publication year - 1973
Publication title -
american journal of agricultural economics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.949
H-Index - 111
eISSN - 1467-8276
pISSN - 0002-9092
DOI - 10.2307/1238431
Subject(s) - modernization theory , agriculture , economics , agricultural extension , value (mathematics) , extension (predicate logic) , agricultural economics , economic growth , demographic economics , geography , statistics , mathematics , archaeology , computer science , programming language
This study tests the hypothesis that education has a major role in agricultural development by estimating costs and returns of schooling and extension in areas at various modernization levels. Public and private costs are estimated from secondary information and farm surveys. Value‐added and auxiliary equations, estimated from farm‐level data, are used to derive annual returns of education. Although based on weak statistical results, schooling returns are negative or low, but increase with modernization level. Extension returns are generally high for individuals, but cover social costs in only two geographic areas. This suggests education's role in development may be limited.