THE NEW SYNANTHEROLOGY

Summary The necessity of microscopic examination of Composite flowers is reviewed. Results of observations include listing of generic distinctions for Stevia, Brickellia , and Liatris; description of a distinctive hair type in Flaveria; confirmation of characteristic pollen type in the Vemonieae; recognition of a characteristically keeled anther appendage in the Helenieae‐Heliantheae complex; discovery of distinctive characters in anther appendages and exothecial cells of Eupatorieae, Astereae, Senecioneae, and Inuleae; discovery of characters of the anther appendage and exothecial cells that help show generic and sectional limits in Tridax; and description of distinctive corolla lobe structure in Inula, Marshallia, Flaveria , and Melampodium .