Electron and momentum transfer phenomena at developed deformable and rigid liquid-liquid interfaces

A new idea was applied for the elucidation of the electron and momentum transfer phenomena at both rigid and deformable interfaces in finely (micro nano, atto) dispersed systems. The electroviscoelastic behavior of e.g. liquid/liquid interfaces (emulsions and double emulsions) is based on three forms of "instabilities"; these are rigid, elastic, and plastic. The events are understood as interactions between internal (immanent) and external (incident) periodical physical fields. Since the events at the interfaces of finely dispersed systems must be considered at the molecular, atomic, and/or entities level, it is inevitable to introduce the electron transfer phenomenon beside the classical heat, mass and momentum transfer phenomena commonly used in chemical engineering. Three possible mathematical formalisms have been derived related to this physical formalism, i.e. to the developed theory of electroviscoelasticity. The first is tension tensor model, where the normal and tangential forces are considered, only in mathematical formalism, regardless to their origin (mechanical and/or electrical). The second is van der Pol derivative model. Finally, the third model comprise an effort to generalize the previous van der Pol differential equations, both, linear and nonlinear; the ordinary time derivatives and integrals are now replaced by corresponding fractional-order time derivatives and integrals of order p < 1. Both, the presented model and theory can facilitate the understanding of entrainment problems in solvent extraction, developed interfaces in colloid and interface science, chemical and biological sensors, electro analytical methods, biology/biomedicine (hematology, genetics and electroneuro-physiology).