Open AccessUse of OCTA, FA, and Ultra-Widefield Imaging in Quantifying Retinal Ischemia: A Review
Author(s) -
Chris Or,
Almyr S. Sabrosa,
Osama Sorour,
Malvika Arya,
Nadia K. Waheed
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
asia-pacific journal of ophthalmology
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.163
H-Index - 20
ISSN - 2162-0989
DOI - 10.22608/apo.201812
Subject(s) - ischemia , medicine , retinal , optical coherence tomography , fluorescein angiography , diabetic retinopathy , optical coherence tomography angiography , biomarker , ophthalmology , diabetes mellitus , chemistry , endocrinology , biochemistry
As ischemia remains a key prognostic factor in the management of various diseases including diabetic retinopathy, an increasing amount of research has been dedicated to its quantification as a potential biomarker. Advancements in the quantification of retinal ischemia have been made with the imaging modalities of fluorescein angiography (FA), ultra-widefield imaging (UWF), and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), with each imaging modality offering certain benefits over the others. FA remains the gold standard in assessing the extent of ischemia. UWF imaging has allowed for the assessment of peripheral ischemia via FA. It is, however, OCTA that offers the best visualization of retinal vasculature with its noninvasive depth-resolved imaging and therefore has the potential to become a mainstay in the assessment of retinal ischemia. The primary purpose of this article is to review the use of FA, UWF, and OCTA to quantify retinal ischemia and the various methods described in the literature by which this is achieved.