Liberalisme dan Rasionalitas sebagai Basis Rule of Law: Perspektif Gerald Turkel

This paper is intended to discuss Gerald Turkel’s thoughts on liberal society, rationality, and rule of law, as well as the author’s analysis of the paradigms that underlie these thoughts. This article focuses on the scope of social change by analyzing how rule of law has made the change from classical liberalism and competitive capitalism to corporate liberalism and corporate capitalism in the United States. Through the study of literature, the author can conclude that there is a common thread between the relationship between classical liberalism, competitive capitalism and the rule of law ideology, in this case the rule of law is explained based on the typology of legal decision making put forward by Max Weber and his views on rationality and social action. Next, a philosophical study by the author paradigmatically against the thought of Turkel concluded that Turkel’s writings were still in the understanding of the positivism paradigm. However, this paradigmatic study is not the only one because through this writing, the reader is invited to slowly (but surely) enter the “world” paradigm of critical theory et. al. Therefore, among the paradigmatic ranges, Turkel actually rests on the post-positivism paradigm. Abstrak Artikel ini membahas pemikiran Gerald Turkel mengenai masyarakat liberal, rasionalitas, dan rule of law, serta paradigma yang memayungi pemikiran tersebut. Artikel ini difokuskan pada lingkup perubahan sosial dengan menganalisis bagaimana rule of law telah membuat perubahan dari liberalisme klasik dan kapitalisme kompetitif menuju liberalisme korporasi dan kapitalisme korporasi di Amerika Serikat. Melalui studi literatur, artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat benang merah hubungan antara liberalisme klasik, kapitalisme kompetitif dan ideologi rule of law, dalam hal ini rule of law yang dijelaskan berdasarkan tipologi pengambilan keputusan hukum yang dikemukakan oleh Max Weber dan pandangannya tentang rasionalitas dan tindakan sosial. Telaah filsafati yang dilakukan secara paradigmatik terhadap pemikiran Turkel menyimpulkan bahwa tulisan Turkel masih berada dalam pemahaman paradigma positivisme. Namun demikian, telaah paradigmatik ini bukanlah satu-satunya, karena melalui tulisan tersebut pembaca diajak untuk secara perlahan-lahan (namun pasti) memasuki “dunia” paradigma critical theory. Oleh karena di antara rentang paradigmatik itu, Turkel sejatinya berpijak pada paradigma post-positivisme.