Open AccessSemantics in the time of coronavirus: “Virus”, “bacteria”, “germs”, “disease” and related concepts
Author(s) -
Cliff Goddard,
Anna Wierzbicka
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
russian journal of linguistics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.413
H-Index - 5
eISSN - 2687-0088
pISSN - 2686-8024
DOI - 10.22363/2687-0088-2021-25-1-7-23
Subject(s) - lexicon , metalanguage , linguistics , semantics (computer science) , lexical semantics , sociology , computer science , philosophy , lexical item , programming language
This study proposes Natural Semantic Metalanguage semantic explications for the English words virus (in two senses), bacteria, germs, and for the related words sick, ill, and disease. We concentrate on their nave or folk meanings (Apresjan 1992) in everyday English, as opposed to scientific or semi-scientific meanings. In this way, the paper makes a start on uncovering the folk epidemiology embedded in the English lexicon. The semantics of words like virus, bacteria and germs is not, however, a purely academic matter. It is also a matter of effective health education and health communication. To reach people at a time of an epidemic, explanations need to connect with ordinary peoples ways of thinking and speaking. This paper argues that the simple and cross-translatable words of NSM, and minimal languages based on it, can be effective tools not only for linguistic semantics but also for education and communication everywhere - at the local school and in the world at large.