Open AccessEvolution of Grain and Seed Cleaning Equipment in Russia
Author(s) -
В. М. Дринча,
Ю. С. Ценч
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
selʹskohozâjstvennye mašiny i tehnologii
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
eISSN - 2618-6748
pISSN - 2073-7599
DOI - 10.22314/2073-7599-2021-15-1-24-33
Subject(s) - documentation , production (economics) , relevance (law) , business , agricultural engineering , engineering , computer science , economics , political science , law , macroeconomics , programming language
The authors determined that in the development of grain production technical support, the main role was played by such a system-forming factor as the transition of the country’s grain enterprises to private ownership. Over the past 30 years, private companies and individuals became grain owners (with the exception of a small share). The authors substantiated the necessity for the development of grain-seed cleaning equipment in Russia. They showed the relevance of developing a new scientific and technical policy in the field of machine development support for grain production and its optimal functioning. ( Research purpose ) To carry out an evolutionary analysis of grain and seed cleaning equipment development and functioning, to determine the main periods and system-forming factors of its development. ( Materials and methods ) The authors applied the historical-analytical method in addition to technical systems. As research objects, they studied the original works of domestic and foreign authors for more than 100 years: monographs, dissertations, reports of research institutions, machine testing stations protocols, scientific journals, conference materials, as well as descriptions for domestic and foreign patent documentation. ( Results and discussion ) They described the evolution of grain-seed cleaning equipment development over the past 150 years: from the simplest tools to complex machine systems of industrial flow technologies. The authors presented the main characteristics of grain-seed cleaning machines and indicators of grain mixtures separation by sieves processes at various stages. ( Conclusions ) The main system-forming factors influencing the technical support of grain production such as: socio-economic conditions; soil and climatic conditions; science and technology policy; organizational factors were revealed. They substantiated four stages of its development: the first (1870-1930) – the use of the simplest manual machines of foreign production; the second (1930-1950) – the birth of domestic production of grain-seed cleaning equipment; the third (1950-1991) – the transition from the use of separate machines to industrial flow technologies; the fourth (1991 – to the present) – the transition from traditional flow technology to a variety of technologies and machines.