Open AccessA Review on Modern Use of Intranasal Vaccination in the Treatment of SARS-COV-2
Author(s) -
Saumi Saurin Shah,
Charmi Mahendrakumar Patel,
Dhrumi Hiteshbhai Patel,
Prapti Hiteshkumar Vadgama,
Mira C. Patel,
Riddhi Trivedi
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
journal of drug delivery and therapeutics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
ISSN - 2250-1177
DOI - 10.22270/jddt.v11i4-s.4942
Subject(s) - nasal administration , medicine , vaccination , immunization , pandemic , mucous membrane of nose , immunology , virus , virology , nose , transmission (telecommunications) , antibody , covid-19 , disease , infectious disease (medical specialty) , pathology , surgery , electrical engineering , engineering
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the urgent need for efficient SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) preventative vaccines to limit the burden and spread of SARS-CoV-2 in humans. Intranasal immunization is a promising technique for preventing COVID-19 because the nasal mucosa acts as a first line of defense against SARS-CoV-2 entrance before the virus spreads to the lungs. Nasal vaccination has many advantages over traditional vaccine administration methods. These include the simplicity of administration without the use of needles, which decreases the risks of needle stick injuries and disposal. This channel also provides simple access to a crucial portion of the immune system that can stimulate other mucosal sites throughout the body. By targeting immunoglobulin A (IgA), antibodies found only in the mucosa, an intranasal vaccination would elicit immunological responses in the nose, throat, and lungs. Potential pathogens are trapped by the mucosa, which acts as a physical barrier to prevent them from entering the body. Given this, the intranasal vaccine would prevent virus transmission via exhaled droplets or aerosols because there would be no virus in the body to expel .There are several intranasal vaccines for protection against sars-cov2 are under preclinical and clinical trials .The key challenge is in Designing delivery strategies that take into account the wide range of diseases, populations, and healthcare delivery settings that stand to benefit from this unique mucosal route should be prioritized.
Keywords: COVID-19, Intranasal vaccine, Immunoglobulin A, Permeation