Political Science of Religion: «Religio» from Cicero to Luhmann in Search of the Ideal of «Pax Deorum»

The article deals with the description of political, linguistic, philosophical and religious aspects of the phenomenon of religion as a social reality in the context of the concept of N. Luhmann. The Latin word «religio» goes through a series of stages in development, becoming a philosophical term in the era of Cicero, denoting the ideal and practice of self-sustaining social solidarity «Pax Deorum», saving Aeterna urbs and the Pax Romana community that formed around it. Religions Cicero contrasted with egoistic and atomizing superstition, where everyone is afraid of the invasion of global forces that threaten destruction. Historically, the practices of «linking with the initial» and «overseeing the unknown» were established by politicians from the founding of Ancient Rome, however, the word «religio» before Cicero was not used in connection with them. Only in Pax Romana does the possibility of analyzing the «nature of the divine» arise